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Subject Area

Mathematics and Engineering Physics

Article Type

Special Issue Original Study

Abstract

This study examines the influence of Hall current and nth-order chemical reaction on unsteady three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Williamson nanofluid flow over an inclined stretching sheet. The model incorporates thermal radiation, heat source, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis effects. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and solved numerically using the shooting method with a fourth-order Runge–Kutta scheme. The results indicate that an increase in the magnetic parameter significantly reduces velocity profiles while enhancing temperature and concentration distributions. The Hall parameter reduces surface drag and improves heat transfer, while decreasing mass transfer rates. Brownian motion enhances temperature but reduces concentration, whereas thermophoresis increases both temperature and concentration fields. It is also observed that strong heat generation and higher chemical reaction rates can lead to mass transfer reversal (negative Sherwood number). The numerical results show good agreement with previously published studies, validating the accuracy of the model. These findings are useful in applications involving thermal management, polymer processing, and nanofluid-based heat transfer systems.

Keywords

Hall Current; nth order Chemical Reaction; Williamson Nanofluid; Thermophoresis; Brownian Motion; Inclined Stretching Sheet

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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