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Subject Area

Electrical Engineering

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology enables the exchange of electricity between electric vehicles (EVs) and the utility grid, helping improve the integration of renewable energy sources and the grid's flexibility. Load-dependent power quality disturbances can affect the performance and reliability of V2G systems, which in turn can negatively impact system and battery operation. This study investigates the effect of resistive, inductive and nonlinear loads on the electrical performance and battery behaviour of a bidirectional V2G system. A complete MATLAB/Simulink model was developed to investigate the grid voltage, current, frequency, THD and the battery voltage, current and state of charge. The model uses a lithium-ion battery, bidirectional power electronic converters and different load configurations. Simulations show that resistive loads keep battery operation stable and with low THD, while inductive loads induce an oscillatory battery response, moderate voltage distortion, and reactive power. However, nonlinear loads lead to battery degradation, unpredictable variations in SoC, current ripple, and severe harmonic distortion. We have used a laboratory-scale single-phase V2G hardware prototype and a power quality analyser to validate the framework. The experimental results are consistent with the simulated results, which demonstrated the accuracy and reliability of the model. The direct influence of power quality disturbances on battery performance highlights the need for advanced harmonic mitigation and intelligent control strategies to improve battery lifetime, power quality, and V2G system reliability and efficiency.

Keywords

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Electric Vehicle, Power Quality, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), State of Charge (SoC), Power Quality Analyser

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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