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Corresponding Author

Ashry, Ahmed

Subject Area

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Tapered Contact Focculation (TCF) is a modification of fixed bed contact flocculation. The process employs a bed of graded spherical plastic media to obtain a tapered velocity gradient. A general equation for calculating the velocity gradient in any fixed bed medium with spherical grains was developed using the Ergun equation for determining the head Joss across the medium. In the TCF process, theoretically, increasing the flocculation rate and temperature increase the G-value, while increasing the media diameter and porosity reduce the G-value. TCF can be applied to different water treatment plant systems which use flocculation. TCF media can be manufactured of plastic balls stacked in place and welded together. Extensive research work is required to determine the best configuration of TCF for application in the water industry and to determine the required TCF time.

Keywords

Tapered Contact Flocculation; Velocity gradient; flocculation rate

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