Voltage-Mode Driver with SAR-based Termination Calibration

Authors

Moustafa M. Elsayed, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptFollow
Abeer T. Khalil, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Sameh A. Ibrahim, Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Mohy Eldin A. Abo-Elsoud, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

Subject Area

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

This paper introduces a DAC-based four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) driver capable of operating at data rates up to 80 Gb/s in 65-nm CMOS technology. A replica-based termination calibration loop is proposed to preserve driver linearity across process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. The proposed driver achieves a relative level mismatch (RLM) of 99.3%. In addition, the transmitter demonstrates a vertical eye opening of 134.8 mV and a horizontal eye opening of 0.44 UI under worst-case conditions.

Keywords

VM; SST; NRZ; PAM-4; RLM

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Recommended Citation

Elsayed, Moustafa M.; Khalil, Abeer T.; Ibrahim, Sameh A.; and Abo-Elsoud, Mohy Eldin A. (2026) "Voltage-Mode Driver with SAR-based Termination Calibration," Mansoura Engineering Journal: Vol. 51 : Iss. 2 , Article 9.
Available at: https://doi.org/Not applicable